The Curonian Lagoon was once a veritable treasure trove of life—its shallow, nutrient-rich, slightly brackish waters allowed a variety of fish to thrive. Fish were very important to the local residents—especially the Lithuanians. However, by the middle of the century, due to pollution, intensive fishing, and land reclamation, fish populations began to decline. Eels and smelt were particularly hard hit, and some species became rare.
- Perch (ezegis) is one of the most important fish, caught year-round and often smoked or dried.
- Pike (lidaks) is caught in the spring, before spawning. It was used to make soup and fish stew.
- Eels (ylė) were a true delicacy, caught in sluices. When smoked, they were a valuable barter item.
- Bream (birfišė) were very common, especially in the spring. They were dried or baked in clay pots.
- Roach (bruknės, bruišės) and rudd (rudakiai), along with other common smaller fish, fed the entire family during Lent.
- The sterlet (šamas, salačius) (starkis) is rarer but prized. It is found in deeper water where there is a current.